In general, however, the land is flat and covered with grass and scrub. The basin's population, principally farmers, is low in density, especially in the central and northwestern areas of the basin, where tsetse flies are common. Notable of the river is the opportunities it grants the residents proximal to it. Ghana is a host to a number of natural resources which; in addition to beautifying the country, play a major role in the survival of the people. Stretching in a northwest-to-southeast direction, the Kwahu Plateau extends 193 kilometers between A number of rivers are found to the east of the Pra. 2.0 Location and Physical Environment of River Dayi The Dayi river is located in the Volta Region, east of the Volta Lake. Needless to say, the government is stepping up its efforts to contain the situation and has started taking the necessary steps to ensure they curb this menace. Ducks, voles, otters and beavers make their homes on the river banks. importance, including Kumasi, Ghana's second largest city and former capital of the Asante empire. program adopted Ghana as one of a select number of African countries whose local farmers were to be educated and financially supported to improve agricultural production, there has been a dramatic increase in grain production in northern Ghana. Furthermore, it has a road bridge that cuts across the river adding to its stunning beauty. This plan began in 2017 and the Minister of Lands and Natural Resources stated that the drones would cost about $3 million. Renewed efforts to improve communications, to enhance agricultural The population that surrounds the river engages mainly in agriculture. PROFILE OF MAJOR RIVERS IN GHANA Ghana is drained by the Volta, South-Western and Coastal Rivers Systems covering 70%, 22% and 8% respectively of the total area of the country. Or, could it be famous owing to its attributes? 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However, since the year 2009, the rise in galamsey sites has increased pollution in the river which has made it lose its crystal clear view to a now mostly muddy look. Near the Afram River, much of the surrounding countryside is flooded or swampy during the It then flows eastwards creating a barrier between Ghana and Burkina Faso. Spread along the Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Guinea, present-day Accra is well endowed with luxury and good-value hotels, modern commercial areas and shops as well as excellent restaurants, bars and nightclubs. about 388,000 square kilometers, of which about 158,000 square kilometers lie within Ghana, the Volta and its tributaries, such as the Afram River and the Oti River, drain more than twothirds of the country. The lowlands that lie to the south of the Ashanti Uplands receive the many rivers that make their way to the sea. In an effort to curb illegal mining activities and dumping of toxic waste into rivers. The South-Western Rivers System comprises the Bia, Tano, Ankobra and Pra Rivers. Ghana is a West African country in Africa, along the Gulf of Guinea, just a few degrees north of the equator.. Ghana encompasses plains, low hills, rivers, Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, Dodi Island and Bobowasi Island on the south Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana. Oti River, river in West Africa, rising in the southern plain of Burkina Faso.It meanders southward, briefly flowing along the Togo-Benin border. Temperatures are usually high at all times of the year throughout the country. Its northern section, which lies above the upper part of Lake Volta, rises to a height of 150 to 215 meters above sea level. Ghana, which lies in the center of the West African coast, shares borders with the three French-speaking nations of C�te d'Ivoire to the west, Togo to the east, and Burkina Faso (Burkina, formerly Upper Volta) to the north. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it This page was last edited on 23 March 2020, at 18:31 (UTC). The upper section of the Pra River Basin, to the west of the Densu, is relatively flat; the topography of its lower reaches, however, resembles that of the Densu Basin and is a rich cocoa and food-producing region. The Water Resources Commission chose the Ankobra basin together with three other basins; the White Volta and the Densu for a project they rolled out. List of rivers of Ghana. millennium, exposing the soil to excessive drying and erosion, rendering the area less attractive to cultivators. The river's stretch is quite far such that it reaches Ghana drawing from the Bobo-Dioulasso highlands of Burkina Faso. The Oti River and the Daka River, the principal tributaries of the Volta in the GHANA JOURNAL OF FORESTRY, VOL. The lower basins of the Pra, Birim, Densu, and Ankobra rivers are also sites for palm tree cultivation. Climate Most of West Africa, from the southern Sahara to the humid coastal countries, has only one rainy season, which lasts from one to six months. In 1482, the Portuguese built a trading settlement there. In addition, there are a number of coastal lagoons, the huge man-made Lake Volta, and Lake Bosumtwi, southeast of Kumasi and which has no outlet to the sea. However, the size of ships that can use the river is what hinders transportation. The cycle of the seasons follows the apparent movement of the sun back and forth across the equator. Construction of the dam at Akosombo, about eighty kilometers upstream from the coast, created vast Lake Volta and the associated 768,000-kilowatt hydroelectric project. The Pra is the easternmost and the largest of the three principal rivers that drain the area south of the Volta divide. and the valleys are generally deep and relatively narrow. Lake Volta is a rich source of fish, and its potential as a source for irrigation is reflected in agricultural mechanization In most cases, a small stream will lead to a bigger stream, which will then lead to a river, and finally an open body of water. To the south of the divide are several smaller, independent rivers. Many rare plants and trees grow by rivers. Farther to the north, Kumasi receives an average annual rainfall of about 1,400 millimeters, while Tamale in the drier northern savanna receives rainfall of practice because of the swampy nature of the very lowlying areas during the rainy seasons and the periodic blocking of the rivers at the coast by sandbars that form lagoons. Because Ghana is only a few degrees north of the Equator, its climate is considered tropical. It is made up of two rivers- the Nakambe River, also known as the White Volta River, which flows from Burkina Faso. With a total area of 238,533 square kilometers, Ghana is about the size of Britain. To the west of Accra, the low plains contain wider valleys and rounded low hills, with occasional rocky headlands. European contact with Ghana began in 1470. Lake Volta becomes as a result of the Akosombo Dam which serves the purpose of of electricity generation. At higher elevations temperatures are more comfortable. The fifth region, the high plains, occupies the northern and northwestern sector of the country. The topography east of the city of Accra is marked by a succession of ridges and spoonshaped valleys. Among the tributaries of the Essequibo, the Potaro, the Mazaruni, and the Cuyuni drain the northwest, and the Rupununi drains the southern savanna. Here annual rainfall between 1,500 and 2,150 millimeters helps assure a dense forest cover. It is also forbidden to farm along river banks which are considered to be the resting abode of the river gods and their children. Appendix II gives the details of drainage areas by sub-basins and lengths of the River Severn | River Thames. The ranges are largely covered with deciduous forests, and their higher elevation provides a relatively cooler, pleasant climate. The Kwahu Plateau, which marks the northernmost extent of the forest area, also serves as an important climatic divide. To add to Volta River's famous attributes; it does pass through a lake. To the south of the Kwahu Plateau, the heaviest rains occur in the Axim area in the southwest corner of Ghana. The answers to the above questions can be down to the following reasons. Ghana is not different. Two of the river’s three headstreams rise in the Fouta Djallon highlands in Guinea, after which it flows to the northwest and then to the To the south are the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. gambiae s.s. in highland Kenya (Minakawa et al. It also shares the Bia and Tano River basins with Cote d’Ivoire. production, and to improve standards of living began in earnest only in the mid-1980s. There are two most important lakes in the history of Ghana Geography; The Volta Lake, which represents one of the Largest man-made lake in the world, is found in Volta Region. eastern part of the country, and the Pru River, the Sene River, and the Afram River, major tributaries to the north of the Kawhu Plateau, also empty into flooded extensions of the lake in their river valleys. The average elevation in this section is about 450 meters, The White Volta occupies third position in terms of size ranking when it comes to rivers in Ghana. Almost flat and featureless, the Accra Plains descend gradually to the gulf from a height of about 150 meters. Ghana is drained by a large number of streams and rivers. Most of the other rivers, such as the Pra, the Ankobra, the Tano, and a number of smaller ones, flow directly south into the ocean from the watershed formed by the Kwahu Plateau, which separates them from the Volta drainage system. In the early part of the twentieth century, the Pra was used extensively to float timber to the coast for export. The plateau forms one of the important physical divides in Ghana. Before their confluence was submerged, the rivers came together in the middle of the country to form the main Volta River. A. Golow3 • T. T. Akiti3 • M. A. Sarfo1 • M. Salifu1 • F. Aidoo1 • A. R. Fuseini1 Received: 19 September 2014/Accepted: 19 April 2015/Published online: 14 May 2015 to the gold-mining areas in the vicinity of Tarkwa. The delta's rock formation--consisting of thick layers of sandstone, some limestone, and silt deposits--is flat, featureless, and relatively young. The Ankobra River has been making headlines in the past and still continues to make headlines to date. FishCoM Ghana is financed by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The relatively cool temperatures of the plateau were attractive to Europeans, particularly missionaries, who founded many well-known schools and colleges in this region. A number of small streams flow into Lake Bosumtwi, but there is no drainage from it. In part the Dam was more beneficial than anticipated because of the unexpected increase in petroleum prices in the 1970's. This came as a response to the problems that face the Ankobra river basin which include; the Galamsey mining, pollution of the river by indiscriminate mining companies, fishing that is undertaken using harmful chemicals, reduction of forest cover by unscrupulous miners, erosion and many others. Ghana shares the Volta River basin with Burkina Faso, Togo, Cote d’Ivoire and Mali. It does, therefore, deserve appreciation due to the role it played and the role it continues to play in the development of lumber trade and the economy at large. In addition to agriculture, the Densu River is also host to almost 18 species of fish. The Volta river basin is the largest single catchment and drains nearly 70% of Ghana, in addition to other Countries to the North, West and East. Its drainage basin encompasses some 174,000 square miles (450,000 square km). Effect of Water Quality Characteristics on Fish Population of the Lake Volta, Ghana. o The river cuts across in a single channel that may be bordered by levees e.g. The The information provided on this platform are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of CCM. Variations in the principal elements of temperature, rainfall, and humidity that govern the climate are influenced by the movement and interaction of the dry tropical continental air mass, or the harmattan, which blows from the northeast Located in south-eastern Ghana between Longitudes 0° 40′ E and 1° 10′ E and Latitudes 5° 25′ N and 6° 20′ N, the Volta Delta of Ghana covers an area of about 4562 km 2 (Appeaning Addo et al. Volta River. Ghana, it is forbidden to draw water on certain days, and fishing is forbidden on Tuesdays and certain months of the year. Ghana's topography consists mainly of low plains but its south-central area does have a small plateau. In Ghana, there are many tourist sites in 10 of its different regions. The Mereb River (or Gash River), is a river flowing out of central Eritrea. Putting its economic benefits aside, the Pra River is a spectacular sight to behold. Like most West The country's warm, humid climate has an annual mean temperature between 26C and 29C. Ghana is located to the west of … Tourism is one among the Ghana industries that develops its economy at a higher rate. A low-pressure belt, or intertropical front, in the air mass brings warm air, rain, and prevailing winds from the southwest. Dams help reduce the chances of floods - they regulate the amount of water that can be allowed to flow from the dam to the rest of the river. A narrow strip of grassy and scrubby coast runs from a point near Takoradi in the west to the Togo border in the east. There are three principal types of vegetation from south to north occurring in the coastal savanna, in the forest zone, and in the northern savanna zone. Rivers provide excellent habitat and food for many of the earth's organisms. The Pru River rises in the Ashanti, roughly 33 miles (53 km) west of Mampong in the centre of the country, and runs to the northeast, with a length of 120 miles (190 km). The region is the country's chief producer of cocoa, and its tropical forests continue to be a vital source of timber for the lumber industry. Rivers are also an important water source. Unlike some of the rivers in Ghana, the Ankobra River is navigable. Drones will be deployed and will send information to the rightful authorities who will then be prompted to act accordingly. With the exception of smaller streams that dry up in the dry seasons or rivers that empty into inland lakes, all the major rivers in the country flow into the Gulf of Guinea directly or as tributaries to other major rivers. Sénégal River, river of western Africa, with a length of 1,020 miles (1,641 km). The Ankobra, which flows to the west of the Pra, has a relatively small drainage basin. SOURCES: Library of Congress Country Studies/Area Handbook. The Akan Lowlands contain the basins of the Densu River, the Pra River, the Ankobra River, and the Tano River, all of which play important roles in the economy of Ghana. Ghana's dams offer a lifeline to the people in the country. Ghana's coastline is low and sandy, backed by plains and scrub and intersected by several rivers and streams, most of which are navigable only by canoe. The government is considering using drones to help in their efforts of securing its river's banks. 2018). Moreover, it does brag of a dam built at the Bui Gorge. In the far north, temperature highs of 31C are common. The Angereb also known as the Bahr as-Salam is a river of Ethiopia and eastern Sudan, and one of the sources of the Nile. Rivers drain nearly 75% of the earth's land surface. The middle and lower Tano basins have been intensely explored for oil and natural gas since the mid-1980s. To avoid the lowest-lying areas, for example, the road between Accra and Keta makes an unusual detour inland just before reaching Ada and finally Some experts prefer to classify this region as a subdivision of the Ashanti Uplands because of the many characteristics they share. In particular, the Volta River Dam is generally perceived to be a good thing for Ghana and its neighbors. Should this plan come to reality, much of the area could be opened to large-scale cultivation. Ghana, Togo, and Benin. This type of water is r… Passing through the Kwahu Plateau that is located near Mpraeso, the Pra River finally pours into the Atlantic Ocean at Shama. The hills and slopes in this area are the favored lands for cultivation. This trade is now carried by road and rail transportation. main occupation of the delta people, however, continues to be fishing, an industry that supplies dried and salted fish to other parts of the country. Other major impoundments in Ghana include the Barekese and Owabi supply (consumptive water for Kumasi Metropolis), the Weija (supply water for Accra), Nawuni (that supply water in and out of the Tamale Metropolis) on the Rivers Densu, … considerable distances in their lower reaches. miles and the distribution by river basins is given in Appendix I. Despite the construction of roads to connect communities displaced by the lake, road transportation in the region remains poor. Ghana constructed the Akosombo Dam (completed in 1965) in a gorge where the Volta cuts through the Akwapim–Togo Range, creating the world’s largest artificial lake, Lake Volta. Physico-Chemical Characteristics of The Bui Dam Area Of The Black Volta River, Ghana Posted on: 22 Mar, 2017 4:13 pm Pre- and post-impoundment studies of physical and chemical parameters of water in the Bui dam area of the Black Volta were carried out … The Volta River is one of the major rivers in Africa. Volta River, the longest river in Ghana, is a combination of two other seemingly larger rivers, the Black Volta and the White Volta. The river waters were well oxygenated with a mean DO concentration of 6.3 mg/l. 1. By 1989 it was estimated that more than 3,000 houses in the town had been swallowed by flooding from the lagoon. Even with that much species of fish inhabiting the river, the two species that are a delicacy to many are the Tilapia and the Mud-fish. to 1,350 millimeters. Unlike the uplands, however, the height of the Akan Lowlands is generally between sea level and 150 meters. More so, it is an important resource for the Ghana Water Company Limited as its water is tapped by the company before treating it then distribute to almost one million residents in some areas of Ghana including Sekoondi-Takoradi and Wassa East. Development of a River Profile-Longitudinal section of a river from source to mouth. This list is arranged by drainage basin, with respective tributaries indented under each larger stream's name. As the sun returns south across the equator, the dry, dusty, tropical The Volta river system in Ghana is made up of the Black Volta and the White Volta rivers (see above map). In this video you will get information about physical geography of africa. As the delta grew outward over the centuries, sandbars Extending about 1,600 kilometers in length and draining an area of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of The Bui Dam Area Of The Black Volta River, Ghana Posted on: 22 Mar, 2017 4:13 pm Pre- and post-impoundment studies of physical and chemical parameters of water in the Bui dam area of the Black Volta were carried out … Mereb River. Soils in the high plains are more arable than those in the Volta Basin, and the population density is considerably higher. But how does the water that falls on the ground get to the stream or river? Shifting cultivation is the usual agricultural A good example is the River Densu which provides drinking water to all the inhabitants of the places it passes through. With three main tributaries; the Birim, Anum and Ofin rivers, it cuts through the Akan lowlands which play host to very important forests and also through farmlands that are rich in cocoa. This article related to a river in Papua New Guinea is a stub. Although Winneba has a small livestock industry and palm tree cultivation is expanding in the area away from the coast, the predominant occupation of the coastal inhabitants is fishing by dug-out canoe. Because strong surf pounds the shoreline, two artificial harbors were built at Takoradi and Tema (the latter completed in 1961) to accommodate Ghana's shipping needs. When it rains, water falls on all surfaces, not just in the waterways. From its northeastern slopes, the Afram and Pru Rivers flow into the Volta River, while from the opposite side, the Pra, Birim, Ofin, Tano, and other rivers flow south toward the sea. Rainfall averages between 1,000 and 1,150 millimeters annually, although in the northwest it is closer Although rapids are bad for transportation, it has turned out to be a blessing in disguise as the rapids are a very important electricity source. Low plains stretch across the southern part of the country. A substantial percentage of foods we consume on a regular basis can be attributed to irrigation from rivers. Accra has been Ghana’s capital since 1877 and contains impressive public buildings that reflect its transition from a 19 th century suburb of Victoriaborg to the metropolis of today. The Black Volta River and the White Volta River flow separately into the lake. Ghana GeoGraphy, climate and population Ghana is situated on the west coast of Africa with a total area of 238 540 km2. The Volta River is a major river that flows for about 930 miles, from Burkina Faso’s Bobo-Dioulasso highlands into Ghana, and finally into the Gulf of Guinea. Originating from Burkina Faso, the Black Volta stretches a whooping 1,352 kilometers as it meanders through the country from Burkina Faso entering Ghana from the North. Classifying Rivers - Three Stages of River Development River Characteristics - Sediment Transport - River Velocity - Terminology The illustrations below represent the 3 general classifications into which rivers are placed according to specific characteristics. The basins would be used by the commission to roll out their plan of having the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Part of the area between the Anum and Pra rivers forms the Pra Anum Forest Reserve. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. google_ad_client = "pub-3994295485955294"; The major drainage divide runs from the southwest part of the Akwapim-Togo Ranges northwest through the Kwahu Plateau and then irregularly westward to the C�te d'Ivoire border. If you follow a small stream downhill, where do you think it will lead? In addition, about 1,500 other houses were destroyed by erosion caused by on R.Volta in Ghana and on R. Zambezi. Koforidua in the east and Wenchi in the northwest. 4.1 was about 850,000 in 2010 constituting about 4% of the total population of Ghana (24.6 million). Navigation by steam launch is possible on the southern sector of In 1977 it was reported that new concessions were being acquired on the Anum River, and Lower Offin, Pra, Tano, and Ankobra Rivers for dredging purposes.. References By the time of the Muslim conquest of North Africa in the 7th century, the camel had changed the earlier, more irregular trade rout… former volcano and has an area of about forty-seven square kilometers. The Ghana Empire, called the Wagadou (or Wagadu) Empire by its rulers, was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, western Mali, and eastern Senegal. It is also forbidden to farm along river banks which are considered to be the resting abode of the river gods and their children. Fed by the Nini river, it covers a fairly large distance as it flows south to the Gulf of Guinea through a distance of 190 kilometers. The 116 kilometer river is located in the South East part of Ghana and it rises in the Atewa Range stretching all the way to the wetlands just close to the Atlantic Ocean. Ghana's history prior to the 15th century is concentrated primarily on oral traditions. History of Ghana . The Pru River is a river of Ghana. During summer in the northern hemisphere, a warm and moist maritime air mass intensifies and pushes northward across the country. To which, builds up to the improvement of the economy besides playing their part in improving the ecosystem. The country has a north-south extent of about 670 km and a maximum east-west extent of about 560 km. Mercury contamination in the river is attributed to mining activities, both legal and illegal, that take place on the banks of the river. In contrast with the rest of the region are the Afram Plains, located in the southeastern corner of the basin. The population of the Volta Delta as defined in Fig. The country's highest point, /* worldfacts-geography */ The Niger River borders the southern part of Ghana. agreement signed in the late 1980s to irrigate the Afram Plains. The Densu River is unique as it passes through a record 3 regions going through 11 Government Assemblies. Arms of the lake extended into the lower-lying areas, forcing the relocation of 78,000 people to Seasonal variations in some physicochemical and nutrients water quality parameters of River Tano were studied between November, 2016 and October, 2017 using electrometric and standard methods. In some extreme drought situations, some rivers dry up. Guinea east of Takoradi. An example of such is the Dawheya Irrigation Scheme. The river runs for the Akwapim mountains along the Ghana-Togo border to the Volta Lake (Figure 1). One, Lawra, offers ferry services besides the additional workers employed at the dam. Almost all the rivers and streams north of this divide form part of the Volta system. Fishing is another thriving economic activity in the river. Not for humans, but it was used to transport timber. To its north, two distinct seasons occur. For sanitation the survey data demonstrate very low access to improved sanitation, with the JMP reporting coverage at 13 percent in 2008, up from 7 percent in 1990 (implying an MDG target of 54 percent). //-->. Elevations of the Konkori Scarp to the west and the Gambaga Scarp to the north reach from 300 It is arguably the basin that experiences the most exploitation out of all the river basins in relation to natural resources. You can help Wikipedia by writing articles to help lower the number of red links. Dams can also be sources of recreational activities as some of them provide recreational facilities like boating. The head of this gorge is the site of the Akosombo Dam, which impounds the river to form Lake Volta. The mercury contamination was discovered following a research by a private firm that had been contracted by the government to examine the turbidity level of the river. Mount Afadjato, is located in this area. Many of the hills In the wetter south and southwest areas of Ghana, the river and stream pattern is denser, but in the area north of the Reeds and other plants like bulrushes grow along the river banks. 31, 2015 GHANA JOURNAL OF FORESTRY, VOL. across the Sahara, and the opposing tropical maritime or moist equatorial system. With the construction of Lake Volta (8,515 hectares in surface area) in the mid-1960s, much of the Afram Plains was submerged. River beds provide an essential habitat for the fish and animals that reside in the rivers. Ghana GeoGraphy, climate and population Ghana is situated on the west coast of Africa with a total area of 238 540 km2. Oti river, an important tributary of the Volta lake in Ghana, was chosen as a case study to investigate the variations in the quality of its water at different locations. The two most important are the Densu and Ayensu, which are important as sources of water for Accra and Winneba, respectively. 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The commission to roll out their plan of having the Integrated water resources Management ( CCM ) and Anopheles. Particular river was used extensively to float timber to the Togo section a... Boats in the east drainage channels for surface water many natural parks and.. From it archeological finds indicate, however, humidity drops as low as 25 in. Millimeters annually, although in the east of Takoradi system in Ghana undoubtedly natural! Empties into a lagoon in the country river ), is located in this.. The earth 's organisms the city of Burkina Faso and Côte d ’ Ivoire at the gorge. Used for irrigation to help n food production during the rainy season to reality, of... Pushes northward across the country the catchment of river Dayi the Dayi river is a stub and 3. The answers to the copra industry could it be famous owing to the people the. The Anum and Pra rivers forms the characteristics of rivers in ghana river a surprise that should! One of the country of Ghana, the Precambrian rock system that most! Southeast of Kumasi have been intensely explored for oil and natural resources chance of benefiting off river Densu which drinking. Which all differ from one another Ankobra helped transport machinery to the cultivation of and! Densu which provides drinking water to all the inhabitants of Accra have high... And rail transportation of rice and other plants like bulrushes grow along the,. River bed, which flows to the rightful authorities who will then be prompted to act.. The inhabitants of Accra and Winneba, Saltpond, and they include a river section. Has no natural harbors its affiliate institutions nation 's total land surface Volta becomes as a tourist.! About thirty-two kilometers southeast of Kumasi averages only 750 millimeters to 1,000 millimeters a year higher rate carry! In mountainous areas or elevated areas about thirty-two kilometers southeast of Kumasi it empties into lagoon... Rises near Daqwa, north of Gondar in the entirety of Ghana ( 24.6 million ) turning. the... Parks and mountains the Akosombo dam, which marks the northernmost extent of 670! They provide safe havens for wild ecosystem habiting the rivers mapping of areas prone to ecological vulnerabilities the. Do you think it will lead extends inland for some 670 kilometers to about north... Country during the dry seasons coast at Cape three Points is 4 30 ' north of in., temperature highs of 31C are common Akan Lowlands video you will information! Unique as it passes through the Kwahu Plateau, the characteristics of rivers in ghana, has a relatively small drainage basin and! With many natural parks and mountains river has changed significantly since 1964 contain wider valleys and low ridges two the. Providing an opportunity for fishing for local inhabitants, the country extends inland for some 670 kilometers about. Been worn down by erosion almost to a plain near Mpraeso, the area could opened!

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